What is neural network?

In information technology, a neural network is a system of programs and data structures that approximates the operation of the human brain. It involves a large number of processors operating in parallel, each with its own small sphere of knowledge and access to data in its local memory. A neural network is fed large amounts of data and rules about data relationships.

Neural networks use several principles, including gradient-based training, fuzzy logic , genetic algorithms, and Bayesian methods. It can also learn temporal concepts and have been widely used in signal processing and time series analysis.

Neural network programming

To simulate a neuron the following formulas are used:

The linear combiner

A                                                                                                                                      assuming that neuron k is the one in question, the k's can be removed and it can be written as the following simple object-Pascal code.

1 2 3

u := 0; for j := 0 to m do   u := u + w[j] * x[j];

Binary calculator

In this section it would be a great help to download the calculator program. If you didn't download the program before, you can download it.

The important source code is included in the file calcFormUnit. If you have this file you can look at the code as it is being dissected.

Applications of neural networks

Character Recognition - The idea of character recognition has become very important as handheld devices like the Palm Pilot. Neural networks can be used to recognize handwritten characters.

 

Image Compression - Neural networks can receive and process vast amounts of information at once, making them useful in image compression.  We can use neural networks for image compression .

Stock Market Prediction - The day-to-day business of the stock market is extremely complicated. Many factors weigh in whether a given stock will go up or down on any given day. Since neural networks can examine a lot of information quickly and sort it all out.

Traveling Saleman's Problem - neural networks can solve the traveling salesman problem, but only to a certain degree of approximation.

Medicine, Electronic Nose, Security, and Loan Applications - These are some applications that are in their proof-of-concept stage, with the acception of a neural network that will decide whether or not to grant a loan.

Optical Character Recognition

 

 OCR is the mechanical or electronic conversion of scanned images of typewritten text into machine-encoded/computer-readable text. It is widely used as a form of data entry from data source, whether passport documents, invoices, bank statement, receipts, business card, mail, or any number of printed records. It is a common method of digitizing printed texts so that they can be electronically edited, searched, stored more compactly, displayed on-line.

Fuzzy neural network

 A fuzzy logic systems set mathematical determination to the emulation of certain perceptual and lingual attributes related with human cognition. The theory of fuzzy logic gives an inference method under cognitive uncertainty, computational neural networks, and fuzzy logic offer exciting benefits such as learning, adaptation, fault tolerance, parallelism, and generalization.

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